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雅思閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析及翻譯
51. The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands，islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle，are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the mid-ocean ridge system， whose source，most geologists contend，is the upper mantle. 對(duì)于地幔分層論點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，最好的證據(jù)乃這樣一個(gè)確認(rèn)的事實(shí)，即在那些海洋島嶼--這些島嶼據(jù)信是源于由下層地幔升上來(lái)的地幔柱狀溶巖流(mantle plume)--上發(fā)現(xiàn)的火山巖石，是由與海洋中部山脊系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)根本不同的物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，而這一海洋中部山脊系統(tǒng)的成因，大多數(shù)地質(zhì)學(xué)家論辯道，為上部地幔。
52. Some geologists，however，on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths， argue that the mantle is not layered，but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in "incompatible elements" (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state)percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly，according to the vagaries of the fluids' pathways. 但是，某些地質(zhì)學(xué)家，以對(duì)地幔捕虜巖體(xenolith)所作的觀察為依據(jù)，指出地幔并非是分層排列的，相反，地幔的異質(zhì)性是由那些富含"不相容成分"的流質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，這些成分趨向于流體而非固體的狀態(tài)，自下而上滲透擴(kuò)散，并依照這些流質(zhì)流向的任意性，不規(guī)則地將上部地幔的某些部分予以改變。
53. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beuve's blindness to the real nature of great writing , found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments ,and allowed these to take over it a steadily developing novel. F認(rèn)為，P在1908年試圖開(kāi)始寫(xiě)一部小說(shuō)，又為了寫(xiě)一部批判S-B的 偉大作品的真正本質(zhì)的視而不見(jiàn)的長(zhǎng)篇的證明而放棄了這部小說(shuō)，其后又發(fā)現(xiàn)這一論文又勾起了其個(gè)人記憶及小說(shuō)情節(jié)的萌生，使得后者取而代之形成了一部穩(wěn)定展開(kāi)的小說(shuō)。
54. The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels，from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings， made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently. 各種有意義的聯(lián)系在所有的層次上，自抽象的理性至深刻的夢(mèng)幻般的情感，層出不窮并不斷重新組合排列;正是這些有意義的聯(lián)系的豐富性和復(fù)雜性，致使普魯斯特難于將它們錯(cuò)落有致地安排好。
55. But those of who hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb's newly published complete edition of Proust's correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed. 但是我們當(dāng)中的那些希望(也算上K本人)K新出版的P1909年書(shū)信的全集能夠更加詳細(xì)的記錄下這一過(guò)程的人都大失所望。
56. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it , passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to , finally ，a conquered people - a charter minority on our own land. 現(xiàn)在我們必須也按照我們墨西哥裔的美國(guó)人的經(jīng)歷來(lái)審視這個(gè)文化，我們的經(jīng)歷是從一個(gè)主權(quán)的民族變成了新來(lái)的定居者的同胞，在最終淪落成為一個(gè)被征服的民族--在我們自己的土地上的契約的少數(shù)民族。
57. It is possible to make specific complementary DNA's (cDNA's)that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA's (mRNA's) of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones，the cells will contain these Mrna'S. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them，then the cDNA's should still bind to these mRNA's，but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA's for the true hormones. 科學(xué)家可以制造出特異的(specific)互補(bǔ)DNA's(cDNA's)，以此作為分子探子(molecular probe)，探覓出肽激素的信使RNA's(mRNA's)。如果大腦正在制造著肽激素，則細(xì)胞就會(huì)含有這些信使RNA's.假若細(xì)胞所制造的產(chǎn)品類似于肽激素但并非與這些肽激素全然相同，那么，互補(bǔ)cDNA's應(yīng)仍然和這些信使mDNA's粘結(jié)的程度。含有這些mRNA's的腦細(xì)胞然后就可以被分離開(kāi)來(lái)，研究者可對(duì)其信使RNA's進(jìn)行解碼，以確定它們的蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品究竟是什么，并確定這些蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品在何種程度上類似于真正的肽激素。
58. The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them. 采用cDNA探子來(lái)測(cè)定肽激素的這一分子生物學(xué)方法同時(shí)也應(yīng)該比免疫學(xué)的方法速度來(lái)得快，因?yàn)閷?duì)于免疫的方法來(lái)說(shuō)，需耗費(fèi)好幾年枯燥的提純進(jìn)程，方能將肽素分離了出來(lái)，然后再培養(yǎng)出針對(duì)它們的抗血清。
59. Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events. 然而，研究P時(shí)代的研究者發(fā)展除了各種各樣的或多或少有些奇怪思想的模型系統(tǒng)，用來(lái)顯示如果由他們來(lái)決定地質(zhì)事件的話他們將會(huì)如何安排冰川紀(jì)。
60. This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods，rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits. 這一序列演替(succession)所依據(jù)的，主要是一系列與冰川期和間冰期并不直接相關(guān)的地質(zhì)沉積物和地質(zhì)事件，而不是依據(jù)更為普遍的現(xiàn)代方法，去研究間冰層(interglacial bed)中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的生物殘留物，而這些間冰層本身又在冰川沉積物發(fā)生間層化(interstatified)。
雅思閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析及翻譯
61. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need，or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging. 人們?cè)噲D對(duì)這些禁忌作出解釋，所依據(jù)的要么是那些正置身于某一身體需要滿足的人與那些并置身于某一身體需要之滿足的人之間的，要么是那些早已酒足飯飽的人與那些正在不知羞恥地狼吞虎咽失之間的不相稱的社會(huì)關(guān)系。
62. Many critics of Family Bronte's novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on，if it does not reverse，the first part，where a "romantic" reading receives more confirmation. 研究艾米麗。勃朗特(Emily Bronte)小說(shuō)《呼嘯山莊》(Wuthering Heights)的許多文學(xué)評(píng)論家，將小說(shuō)的第二部分視作一種對(duì)比物，即使沒(méi)有將第一部分予以逆轉(zhuǎn)的話，也是在對(duì)第一部分作出一種詮釋評(píng)判，而在小說(shuō)第一部分中，一種"浪漫的"的讀解能獲得更為充分的確證。
63. Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James， their presence does(15) encourage attempts to unify the novel's heterogeneous parts. 誠(chéng)然，這些因素的存在并不能證明作者對(duì)小說(shuō)架構(gòu)的意識(shí)可與亨利。詹姆斯(Henry James)的那種意識(shí)相比擬;然則，任何力圖將小說(shuō)所有形形色色的因素統(tǒng)一起來(lái)的做法，在某種程度上注定是無(wú)法令人信服的。 Granted that:大家都統(tǒng)一、當(dāng)然，表讓步，=admitted , of course.
64. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis(although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger)，but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that，ultimately，resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation. 這倒不是因?yàn)檫@樣的一種解釋必定會(huì)僵化成為一個(gè)命題(盡管對(duì)這部或任何一部小說(shuō)的解釋中，僵化死板總是一種危險(xiǎn))，而是因?yàn)椤逗魢[山莊》擁有一些極難駕御的因素，以其無(wú)可辯駁的力度，最終拒絕被囿于一個(gè)囊括無(wú)遺的解釋中。
65. The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another，with variations exceeding the measurement error;and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform is topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source. 鉛的同位素構(gòu)成經(jīng)常在一種普通銅礦石來(lái)源與另一種銅礦石來(lái)源之間存在差異，其差異程度超出測(cè)量誤差;而最初的研究表明，對(duì)于來(lái)自單獨(dú)一個(gè)銅礦石來(lái)源的鉛來(lái)說(shuō)，其同位素構(gòu)成幾乎是毫無(wú)二致的。
66. More probable is bird transport，either externally，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds. 更有可能的是鳥(niǎo)類運(yùn)輸：或者是通過(guò)外部途徑，即由于種籽偶然粘附在羽毛上;或者是通過(guò)內(nèi)部方式，即由于鳥(niǎo)類吞食果子并隨后將種籽排泄出來(lái)。
67. A long-held view of the history of English colonies that became the United States has been that England's policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy , dominated by expansionist militarist objectives , generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution . 一個(gè)對(duì)于后來(lái)成了美國(guó)的英國(guó)殖民地的歷史的長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為英國(guó)在1763年以前對(duì)于這些殖民地的政策被經(jīng)濟(jì)利益所支配，而且認(rèn)為一種向著更大程度帝國(guó)制度的政策上的轉(zhuǎn)變--為擴(kuò)張主義的軍事目標(biāo)所左右--產(chǎn)生了最終導(dǎo)致美國(guó)革命的緊張氣氛。
68. It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet，whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic. 現(xiàn)在尚不知這種類似稀少到何種地步，也不知道是否它最常見(jiàn)于象石榴石一類的硅酸鹽內(nèi)含物中，而這類物質(zhì)的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)普遍地在某種程度上類似于金剛石的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。但一旦存在，這種類似就被視作極有說(shuō)服力的證據(jù)，證明金剛石與內(nèi)含物確是同源的。
69. Even the "radical" critiques of this mainstream research model，such as the critique developed in Divided Society，attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority. 即使是對(duì)這一主流研究模型的"激進(jìn)"批評(píng)，諸如《分裂的社會(huì)》(Divided Society)一書(shū)中所提出的那種批判，亦將少數(shù)民族同化問(wèn)題過(guò)分機(jī)構(gòu)地與經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)移動(dòng)性的因素聯(lián)系起來(lái)，因此無(wú)從闡明波多黎各人作為一個(gè)殖民地少數(shù)民族的文化從屬關(guān)系。
70. They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles，whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way，and which can be detected. 它們被稱為"虛粒子"(virtual particle)，以便與實(shí)粒子(real particle)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，而實(shí)粒子則不會(huì)以這種方式受到制約，并且其存在可得以測(cè)定。
雅思閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析及翻譯
71. Open acknowledgement of the existence of women's oppression was too radical for the United Stated in the fifties, and Beauvoir's conclusion, that change in women's economic condition , though insufficient by itself , "remains the basic factor " in improving women's situation , was particularly unacceptable . 公開(kāi)對(duì)婦女壓迫的存在的承認(rèn)對(duì)于50年代的美國(guó)而言有些過(guò)分激進(jìn)，而且B的結(jié)論，即婦女經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的變化，經(jīng)管它本身不是一個(gè)充分的因素，但是"仍然是提高婦女地位的根本因素"的觀點(diǎn)，尤其無(wú)法令人接受。
72. Other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped out of the Earth's rocky mantle by the Earth's collision with another large celestial body after much of the Earth's iron fell to its core. 其他的理論家提出，在地球的大部分鐵沉入到地核之后，由于地球與另一個(gè)龐大的天體發(fā)生碰撞，月亮便從地球那石質(zhì)的地幔中撕裂開(kāi)來(lái)而形成的。 Rip:撕開(kāi);撥去;在本文是撕開(kāi)的意思。
73. However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. 然而，進(jìn)來(lái)的學(xué)術(shù)研究強(qiáng)烈的顯示那些看來(lái)最為明確的請(qǐng)教徒的早期新英格蘭文化的一些方面，比如強(qiáng)烈的宗教導(dǎo)向和團(tuán)體意識(shí)，就整體而言卻不是新英格蘭的典型特征，而是在很大程度上只局限與馬薩諸賽和康涅狄格兩個(gè)州。
74. Thus，what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern- acquisitiveness，a strong interest in politics and the law，and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models-was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut，but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. 因此，那些與(北方)清教殖民地形成鮮明對(duì)比、并在戴維斯教授的心目中顯得具有特殊南方色彩的特征--占有欲、對(duì)政治和法律的濃厚興趣、以及培養(yǎng)大都市文化模式的傾向--不僅僅要比清教的馬薩諸塞州和康乃涅克州所展現(xiàn)出來(lái)的文化模式更具有典型的英國(guó)色彩，并且?guī)缀鹾翢o(wú)疑問(wèn)地構(gòu)成了絕大多數(shù)其它早期近代英國(guó)殖民地的特征，從巴巴多斯北至羅得島和新罕布什爾州。
75. Portrayals of the folk of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, whom he remembers from early childhood, of the jazz musicians and tenement roofs of his Harlem days, of Pittsburgh steelworkers, and his reconstruction of classical Greek myths in the guise of the ancient Black kingdom of Benin, attest to this. 一些描述，關(guān)于他從小就記得的北卡羅來(lái)納州的M縣的人民、關(guān)于他在H的日子里的爵士樂(lè)手和公寓的房頂、關(guān)于匹茲堡的鋼鐵工人的描述和他的假借古代B國(guó)對(duì)古希臘神話得寵俗，都表現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。In the guise of :"假借、在...的幌子下，假裝"。
76. A very specialized feeding adaptation in zooplankton is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut-sized (or smaller) balloon of mucus equipped with filters that capture and concentrate phytoplankton. 浮游動(dòng)物體內(nèi)一種極特殊的進(jìn)食適應(yīng)性變化是蝌蚪狀的尾海鞘綱動(dòng)物(appendicularian)的那種適應(yīng)性變化，而尾海鞘綱動(dòng)物則存活于核桃大小(或更小)的黏液球囊內(nèi)，裝備有過(guò)濾器，用以捕捉和集中浮游植物。
77. These historians，however，have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. 但是，這些史學(xué)家還不曾充分地分析同一時(shí)期中那些具體的女權(quán)主義思想和活動(dòng)的發(fā)展。
78. Apparently most massive stars manage to lose sufficient material that their masses drop below the critical value of 1.4 M before they exhaust their nuclear fuel. 顯然，大多數(shù)的巨星能夠失去足夠多的物質(zhì)以至于在燃盡其核燃料以前他們的質(zhì)量下降到關(guān)鍵值1.4M以下。難在：sufficient ...that... = so much (many ) ... that...
79. This is so even though armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work. 即使是武裝部隊(duì)是在一種趨向職業(yè)平等的制度變遷的風(fēng)氣中運(yùn)作的時(shí)候，而且即使部隊(duì)是在聯(lián)邦政府的同工同酬的約束下運(yùn)行的時(shí)候，情況仍然是這樣。
80. An impact (on the Mars) capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the Moon, in view of the Moon's smaller size and closer proximity to Earth. 一個(gè)能夠把活性表面的碎片射入地球交叉軌道的碰撞發(fā)生的可能性甚至小于這種事件在月亮上發(fā)生的可能性，考慮到月亮更小的尺寸及其與地球接近的程度。
雅思閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析及翻譯
81. Not only are liver transplants never rejected，but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin,from that donor are accepted permanently. 但是，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在許多種老鼠之間，這些移植法的"常規(guī)"并沒(méi)有被肝臟移植物所遵循。肝臟移植物非但從沒(méi)遭到過(guò)排斥，甚至還誘發(fā)了一種供者特異性無(wú)應(yīng)答狀態(tài)(donor-specific unresponsiveness)，在此狀態(tài)中，隨后來(lái)自那個(gè)供者其它器官的移植物，如皮膚，會(huì)永久地被接受。
82. As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered (by seismic waves)generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments. 當(dāng)巖石界面被穿過(guò)的時(shí)候，震波所遇到的彈性性質(zhì)通常會(huì)發(fā)生突然的變化，這就使得一部分能量被反射回地面，在地面反射回來(lái)的波被震波紀(jì)錄儀記錄下來(lái)。
83. While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct，the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed，showing，for instance，that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles,and throwing the date once more into utter confusion. 數(shù)據(jù)資料已被統(tǒng)計(jì)出來(lái)，或被重新統(tǒng)計(jì)出來(lái)，以便證明在文體學(xué)這方面，《乞援衰女》實(shí)際上確實(shí)在《波斯人》和《七雄攻忒拜》(后兩者現(xiàn)在則變成了"原始"的劇作)之后以及在軸殘片卻喚起了一種幽靈似的疑慮，即另一塊殘片有可能再度被挖掘出來(lái)，并證明，比如說(shuō)，《乞援衰女》是作者藉以擊敗索?？死账沟摹哆_(dá)那特四部曲》的一部死后出版之作，從而將創(chuàng)作年代再度置于極度的混亂之中. 注：best:擊敗,=defeat, overcome, outdo
84. The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential. 一個(gè)社會(huì)所創(chuàng)造出來(lái)藉以使其自身生生不息、恒久不衰的方法得以形成產(chǎn)生，以保存在這個(gè)社會(huì)看來(lái)具有本質(zhì)意義的文化遺產(chǎn)的各個(gè)方面。
85. Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used. 傳統(tǒng)上，風(fēng)媒傳粉被看成是這樣的繁殖過(guò)程：其特征就是由一些隨即事件的發(fā)生，在這些隨機(jī)事件里，風(fēng)的反復(fù)無(wú)常被大量的產(chǎn)生花粉所補(bǔ)償，以至于新種子的最終產(chǎn)生被保證了，其代價(jià)是產(chǎn)生遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于實(shí)際使用量的花粉。
86. Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous，wind pollinated plants have，in the view above，compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects. 由于花粉粒在其長(zhǎng)距離的運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中所要面臨的潛在危險(xiǎn)是巨大的，按上述觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，由風(fēng)授粉的植物補(bǔ)償了通過(guò)偶發(fā)事件而伴隨造成的花粉損失。其途徑是，制造出大于昆蟲(chóng)授粉的植物種類所產(chǎn)生的花粉量的一至三個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)的花粉量。
87. For example，the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones，where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located，is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cone's surfaces，thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next. 例如，帶有胚珠的松球的鱗苞綜合體的螺旋狀安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，對(duì)于氣流模式的形成與產(chǎn)生殊為重要，而這些氣流模式在松球的表現(xiàn)盤旋上升，從而把在空氣中飛行的花粉從一個(gè)鱗苞傳播至下一個(gè)鱗苞。
88. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex into public industry". FE,卻預(yù)測(cè)婦女們將被從家庭的"社會(huì)、法律和經(jīng)濟(jì)壓迫"中解放出來(lái)，只是通過(guò)使得征召"整個(gè)女性階層進(jìn)入公共的工業(yè)中去"成為可能的技術(shù)進(jìn)步的方式做到的。
89. It was not the change in office technology,but rather the separation of secretarial work,previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers，from administrative work that in the 1880's created a new class of "dead-end" jobs，thenceforth considered "women's work." 十九世紀(jì)八十年代，產(chǎn)生了新的一類"沒(méi)前途"的職業(yè)，這并不是因?yàn)檗k公室技術(shù)發(fā)生了改變，而是由于秘書(shū)工作--在此之前被視作是初起步的經(jīng)理們的一種習(xí)見(jiàn)訓(xùn)練--與行政工作的分離。自此以后，這類"沒(méi)前途"的職業(yè)便被視作是"女人的工作。"
90. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. 二十世紀(jì)已婚婦女在家庭以外就業(yè)的人數(shù)不斷增加，這與家務(wù)的機(jī)械化及這些婦女閑暇時(shí)間的增加并無(wú)多大聯(lián)系，更多地是與婦女自身的經(jīng)濟(jì)需要和高婚姻率相關(guān)。高婚姻率致使所能雇傭的單身女工的總量縮減，而在此之前的許多情形中，單身女性則是雇主們所愿雇傭的唯一-一類婦女。 The pool of 如果后面跟著一群人，則表示勞動(dòng)力資源。
雅思閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析及翻譯
91. For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. 請(qǐng)思考:如果文中說(shuō)這句話的前提是：all population are driven by two (and only two) categories of growth parameters, one is density-independent factors, and the other is density-independent factors. 那么作者說(shuō)上面的這句話有什么用意。解釋：本句雖然貌不驚人，但本書(shū)既然將其收錄進(jìn)來(lái)，并標(biāo)出難度5，就意味著其中有怪異之處。值得一提的是，本文前面曾把控制種群密度的因素分為兩種，一種叫做density-dependent factors(這里簡(jiǎn)稱d-d因素)，另一種叫做dentsity-independent factors(簡(jiǎn)稱d-I因素)。原文的直譯雖然好懂，但是總令人感覺(jué)說(shuō)得不甚明白。顯然，GRE或GMAT的作者不可能隨便說(shuō)一句無(wú)關(guān)痛癢的話，那么沒(méi)有任何種群能夠在所有的時(shí)間全被d-I因素所控制，其真正意思是什么呢?就是：一切種群都必然在某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)受到d-d因素的控制。本句是ETS在考試中慣用的正話反說(shuō)的典型例子，請(qǐng)讀者深沉體會(huì)。本句在文章中也是理解作者態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵所在。
92. In order to understand the nature of the ecologist's investigation，we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the "signal" ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret，one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones，while the density-independent effects act to produce "noise" in the population dynamics. 為了能理解生態(tài)學(xué)家們所從事的研究的性質(zhì)，我們可以把那些作用于增長(zhǎng)參數(shù)的密度依賴效應(yīng)視作生態(tài)學(xué)家們力圖將其分離并予以解釋的"信號(hào)"，正是這一信號(hào)傾向于使種群從相對(duì)較低的數(shù)值遞增，或從相對(duì)較高的數(shù)值遞減;而與此同時(shí)，那些密度獨(dú)立效應(yīng)起到的作用則構(gòu)成了種群動(dòng)態(tài)變化中的"噪音"。
93. But the play's complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more "contradictory" than Du Bois' famous，well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity，or Fanon's emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles. 但該劇有關(guān)黑人自尊可與人類團(tuán)結(jié)相融合這一復(fù)雜觀點(diǎn)，絲毫都不比杜波伊斯(Du Bois)的理想或法儂(Fanon)的強(qiáng)調(diào)來(lái)得更為"矛盾"：杜波伊斯提出的著名的、深思熟慮的理想是，民族的自覺(jué)可以和人類大同共存;法儂則對(duì)理想的國(guó)際主義進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)調(diào)，而這一理想的國(guó)際主義同樣也能兼容民族身份與角色。
94. In which of the following does the author of the passage reinforce his criticism of responses such as Isaacs' to Raisin in the Sun? 在以下哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，文章的作者加強(qiáng)了她對(duì)類似這樣的對(duì)于《》做出的反應(yīng)的批判呢?
95. Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker，these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation. 作為二十世紀(jì)早期"進(jìn)步派"史學(xué)家(如Beard和Becker)等人某些觀點(diǎn)的繼承者，這些近期的史學(xué)家所提出的觀點(diǎn)值得我們予以評(píng)價(jià)。
96. Despite these vague categories，one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. 盡管存在這些模糊范疇，但我們不應(yīng)該斷然聲稱，在各個(gè)易于辨認(rèn)出的階層之間所存在的敵對(duì)態(tài)度就無(wú)法被合理地觀察到。
97. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it. 然而，有些史學(xué)家強(qiáng)調(diào)在殖民者之間曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)一種普遍的一致意見(jiàn)。這些史學(xué)家如果不認(rèn)識(shí)到各種矛盾的存在，就無(wú)法充分地理解這種一致意見(jiàn)，而所有那些矛盾只有在被克服或壓制之后才有可能獲得那種一致意見(jiàn)。 It 指代：general consensus
98. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes during the American Revolutionary War? 從文章中可以推斷出來(lái)，作者最有可能同意以下哪一個(gè)關(guān)于在美國(guó)革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)各階層及其對(duì)叛黨和保王黨的支持的陳述?
99. She wished to discard the traditional methods and established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness. 她希望拋棄傳統(tǒng)的方法和像芭蕾舞這樣已經(jīng)確立的舞蹈語(yǔ)言，而希望探索人類表現(xiàn)力的內(nèi)在源泉。
100. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted，only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. 盡管有可能從實(shí)際制造的商品和服務(wù)中可推知制造商和服務(wù)業(yè)認(rèn)為他們的顧客所需要的是什么，但只有對(duì)由實(shí)際顧客撰寫(xiě)的相關(guān)的個(gè)人文件進(jìn)行一番研究，方能提供一幅精確的圖畫(huà)，藉以說(shuō)明"什么樣的人"需要什么樣的東西。
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