GRE閱讀高頻難點(diǎn)題型應(yīng)對(duì)策略盤(pán)點(diǎn)
GRE閱讀高頻難點(diǎn)題型應(yīng)對(duì)策略盤(pán)點(diǎn)
GRE閱讀高頻難點(diǎn)題型應(yīng)對(duì)策略盤(pán)點(diǎn) 這些難題原來(lái)還可以這么做,下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
GRE閱讀高頻難點(diǎn)題型應(yīng)對(duì)策略盤(pán)點(diǎn) 這些難題原來(lái)還可以這么做
新GRE語(yǔ)文考試閱讀題應(yīng)對(duì)策略
1. 找文章主旨
只需讀每段首尾兩句總結(jié)出文章主旨即可。常見(jiàn)的閱讀文章有4種：
a)科技文章，描述客觀現(xiàn)象，特點(diǎn)是語(yǔ)言客觀中立，術(shù)語(yǔ)較多，但主旨明顯;
b)科技文章，方法論型，多是關(guān)于科學(xué)研究方法的，主旨為作者的觀點(diǎn);
c)非科技文章，人文類(lèi)，有鮮明的觀點(diǎn)，語(yǔ)言偏于抽象、晦澀;
d)非科技文章，社科類(lèi)，論述某社會(huì)事件或人物，比較強(qiáng)調(diào)該事件或人物與其社會(huì)背景的關(guān)系，有比較明確的觀點(diǎn)。
2. 回答關(guān)于全文的問(wèn)題,分兩類(lèi)
a)關(guān)于主旨的問(wèn)題，常見(jiàn)問(wèn)法有：
The author's main purpose is...
The main idea of the passage is...
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
Which of the following questions does the passage answer?
b)關(guān)于語(yǔ)氣、態(tài)度和風(fēng)格的問(wèn)題，常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)法有：
The author's tone is best described as...
The author views his subject with...
The author's presentation is best characterized as...
The passage is most likely from...
The author most likely thinks the reader is...
回答這類(lèi)題時(shí)，一定要把握ETS的選題標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。ETS所選的文章都是思維縝密清晰、文字嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、態(tài)度中立不偏激、對(duì)知識(shí)階層持尊敬態(tài)度，而且通常GRE中會(huì)有一篇文章是關(guān)于女性、黑人或其它過(guò)去被歧視的群體和社會(huì)階層，這些文章都嚴(yán)格遵循“政治上正確”這一原則，即不能對(duì)這些階層持歧視或否定態(tài)度。知道了這些，許多問(wèn)題就可迎刃而解了。
當(dāng)然，閱讀水平是GRE成功的基石，是每位GRE考生在準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程中的重中之重。
3. 回答細(xì)節(jié)性的問(wèn)題
請(qǐng)牢記以下幾點(diǎn)：
a)有行數(shù)提示的要在提示行的前后幾行找答案;
b)排除偏激或絕對(duì)選項(xiàng)，它們常含有must,the first,the best,only,each, every,all, totally, always等字眼;而選擇帶有may,can,some,many,sometimes,aften等字眼的選項(xiàng)時(shí)，正確的機(jī)率會(huì)大得多;
c)排除直接重復(fù)原文的選項(xiàng)，ETS的答案幾乎都是對(duì)原文的重新解釋;
d)正確的選項(xiàng)一般不會(huì)與公理常識(shí)相違背;
e)遇到有“LEAST”、“EXCEPT”或“NOT”等字的題時(shí)需格外小心，許多人都在此翻船;
f)以上ac項(xiàng)所指類(lèi)型的題目應(yīng)留到最后做，用排除法解決。
新GRE語(yǔ)文考試填空題應(yīng)對(duì)策略
1. 背誦并深刻理解詞匯書(shū)(比如紅寶書(shū)等)上面的填空部分的單詞。并按照考試新要求，自行整理并分類(lèi)別收集詞匯。
2. 腳踏實(shí)地的提高自身英語(yǔ)水平，充分重視長(zhǎng)句和難句的閱讀能力的提升。
3. 仔細(xì)認(rèn)真的研究過(guò)去出現(xiàn)過(guò)的考試真題。應(yīng)該把真題積極利用起來(lái)，而不是消極做題，還要按照樣題的思路來(lái)分析ETS的出題思路，比如題干可以做哪些調(diào)整，題目單詞可以加入哪些做替換等等。
看到這里，想必各位考生對(duì)于如何應(yīng)對(duì)GRE語(yǔ)文考試的策略也有了一些了解和想法，希望大家能把學(xué)到的內(nèi)容運(yùn)用到實(shí)際備考和考試中，取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)。
GRE閱讀題目解析:海洋上空云的產(chǎn)生
P22
Biologists know that some marine algae can create clouds by producing the gas dimethyl sulphide (DMS), which reacts with oxygen in air above the sea to form solid particles. These particles provide a surface on which water vapor can condense to form clouds. Lovelock contends that this process is part of global climatic-control system. According to Lovelock, Earth acts like a super organism, with all its biological and physical systems cooperating to keep it healthy. He hypothesized that warmer conditions increase algal activity and DMS output, seeding more clouds, which cool the planet by blocking out the Sun. Then, as the climate cools, algal activity and DMS level decrease and the cycle continues. In response to biologists who question how organisms presumably working for their own selfish ends could have evolved to behave in a way that benefits not only the planet but the organisms as well, cooling benefits the algae, which remain at the ocean surface, because it allows the cooled upper layers of the ocean to sink, and then the circulating water carries nutrients upward from the depths below. Algae may also benefit from nitrogen raining down from clouds they have helped to form.
1. According to the passage, which of the following occurs as a result of cooling in the upper layers of the ocean?
A. The concentration of oxygen in the air above the ocean’s surface decreases.
B. The concentration of DMS in the air above the ocean’s surface increases.
C. The nutrient supply at the surface of the ocean is replenished.
D. Cloud formation increases over the ocean.
E. Marine algae make more efficient use of nutrients.
2. Which of the following is most similar to the role played by marine algae in the global climate control system proposed by Lovelock?
A. A fan that continually replaces stale air in a room with fresh air from outside.
B. A thermostat that automatically controls an air-conditioning system.
C. An insulating blanket that retains heat.
D. A filter used to purify water.
E. A dehumidifier that constantly removes moisture from the air in a room.
3. The passage mentions the possible benefit to algae of nitrogen falling down in the rain most likely in order to
A. Provide support for Lovelock’s response to an objection mentioned in the passage.
B. Suggest that the climatic effects of DMS production have been underestimated.
C. Acknowledge that Lovelock’s hypothesis is based in part on speculation.
D. Demonstrate that DMS production alters the planet in more than one way.
E. Assert that algae are the sole beneficiaries of DMS production.
P22
1
Biologists know that some marine algae can create clouds by producing the gas dimethyl sulphide (DMS), which reacts with oxygen in air above the sea to form solid particles.
生物學(xué)家們已知，一些海藻能夠通過(guò)產(chǎn)生氣態(tài)二甲基硫(DMS)，與洋面上空的氧反應(yīng)，組成固態(tài)微粒，產(chǎn)生云。
2
These particles provide a surface on which water vapor can condense to form clouds.
水蒸氣可以附著在這些微粒表面液化，從而形成云。
3
Lovelock contends that this process is part of global climatic-control system.
L 認(rèn)為此過(guò)程是全球天氣控制系統(tǒng)的一部分。
(contend (及物動(dòng)詞)主張，聲稱(chēng);(不及物動(dòng)詞)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)奪)
4
According to Lovelock, Earth acts like a super organism, with all its biological and physical systems cooperating to keep it healthy.
根據(jù) L 的觀點(diǎn)，地球如同一個(gè)超級(jí)有機(jī)體，靠它所有的生物和物理系統(tǒng)協(xié)作來(lái)保持健康。
5
He hypothesized that warmer conditions increase algal activity and DMS output, seeding more clouds, which cool the planet by blocking out the Sun.
他提出假設(shè)認(rèn)為，溫度上升使藻類(lèi)更活躍進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生更多的 DMS，更多云，云遮蔽陽(yáng)光使地球降溫。
6
Then, as the climate cools, algal activity and DMS level decrease and the cycle continues.
然后，作為(調(diào)節(jié))天氣的工具，藻類(lèi)活動(dòng)和 DMS 水平降低，周而復(fù)始。
7
In response to biologists who question how organisms presumably working for their own selfish ends could have evolved to behave in a way that benefits not only the planet but the organisms as well, cooling benefits the algae, which remain at the ocean surface, because it allows the cooled upper layers of the ocean to sink, and then the circulating water carries nutrients upward from the depths below.
有生物學(xué)家質(zhì)疑，生物理所當(dāng)然為自己服務(wù)，如何能進(jìn)化出一種既有利于地球又有利于自身的行為方式，(L)回應(yīng)這種質(zhì)疑說(shuō)，降溫對(duì)停留在海洋表面的藻類(lèi)有好處，因?yàn)樗试S冷卻的表層水下沉，進(jìn)而循環(huán)水流會(huì)把下方的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)攜帶到洋面。
(end 目的 aim，目標(biāo) purpose)
8
Algae may also benefit from nitrogen raining down from clouds they have helped to form.
藻類(lèi)也可能從它們幫助形成的云層降水中獲得養(yǎng)分。
1. According to the passage, which of the following occurs as a result of cooling in the upper layers of the ocean?
A. The concentration of oxygen in the air above the ocean’s surface decreases.
B. The concentration of DMS in the air above the ocean’s surface increases.
C. The nutrient supply at the surface of the ocean is replenished.
D. Cloud formation increases over the ocean.
E. Marine algae make more efficient use of nutrients.
選 C
海面的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)得到補(bǔ)充。
根據(jù)句 7 最后部分：… the circulating water carries nutrients upward from the depths below.
A
海面上空的氧濃度降低，可能正確(參與反應(yīng)消耗掉一部分)，但文章沒(méi)說(shuō)，不符合 according to the passage 的要求，不選。
B
DMS 的濃度增加。未知信息，可能對(duì)但不選，理由同上。
D
海面上方造云加快。未知信息，不選。
E
海藻更高效地利用營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。下一題。
2. Which of the following is most similar to the role played by marine algae in the global climate control system proposed by Lovelock?
A. A fan that continually replaces stale air in a room with fresh air from outside.
B. A thermostat that automatically controls an air-conditioning system.
C. An insulating blanket that retains heat.
D. A filter used to purify water.
E. A dehumidifier that constantly removes moisture from the air in a room.
選 B
自動(dòng)控制空調(diào)的恒溫器。
thermostat 恒溫器，顧名思義，就是把溫度恒定控制在某種水平的裝置，還能自動(dòng)控制空調(diào)，跟文段所介紹的藻類(lèi)通過(guò) DMS 造云來(lái)控制 cooling process 的機(jī)制類(lèi)似。
3. The passage mentions the possible benefit to algae of nitrogen falling down in the rain most likely in order to
A. Provide support for Lovelock’s response to an objection mentioned in the passage.
B. Suggest that the climatic effects of DMS production have been underestimated.
C. Acknowledge that Lovelock’s hypothesis is based in part on speculation.
D. Demonstrate that DMS production alters the planet in more than one way.
E. Assert that algae are the sole beneficiaries of DMS production.
選 A
邏輯題。
L 的結(jié)論：
藻類(lèi)通過(guò) DMS 控制天氣，是地球自我調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)程的一部分。
質(zhì)疑者：
藻類(lèi)當(dāng)然應(yīng)該進(jìn)化出對(duì)自己的生存有益的行為，怎么可能既對(duì)地球有益，同時(shí)對(duì)自己有益。
L 的回應(yīng)：
藻類(lèi)產(chǎn)生的 DMS 參與造云，使地球表面(水面)冷卻的同時(shí)，也促成海水的熱交換產(chǎn)生水流，從下方運(yùn)輸營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)給自己。對(duì)大家都好，它好我也好。
注意，至此，L 已經(jīng)證明了，藻類(lèi)的行為不但有利于地球，也有利于自己。這個(gè)邏輯過(guò)程是完整的。
而最后一句，L 又加了一條：Algae may also benefit from nitrogen raining down from clouds they have helped to form. 這一句也是為 L 回應(yīng)質(zhì)疑而服務(wù)的，因?yàn)檫@一條也屬于 “ 它好我也好 ” 。
GRE閱讀題目解析:水中的死亡區(qū)域
P21
There have long been dead zones—water too low in oxygen to sustain most forms of life—in the Gulf of Mexico, which receives the waters of the Mississippi River. Scientists studied sediment cores from areas where the gulf’s most recent dead zone occurred. The scientists dated the sediment and counted species of foraminifera (marine protozoans) in the sediment; these species thrive in low-oxygen waters. As far back as 1823, the foraminifera thrived especially during Mississippi River flood years (during which nutrients levels increase), suggesting that nutrients in floodwaters can trigger low-oxygen water. The foraminifera in the core samples were most abundant after 1950, when farmers began using some fertilizer, which is rich in nutrients. Researchers believe that increased use of fertilizer leads to more-extreme dead zones.
1. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as a whole?
A. It reconciles two opposing theories that were discussed earlier in the passage.
B. It suggests what the initial impetus was for the studies mentioned earlier in the passage.
C. It undermines a hypothesis that was presented in the preceding sentence.
D. It describes a problem with the methodology of the studies discussed in the passage.
E. It provides evidence supporting the belief mentioned in the final sentence of the passage.
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the “researchers” would agree with which of the following statements about the use of fertilizer?
A. If farmers near the Mississippi River decreased the amount of fertilizer that they used, the severity of the dead zones could be diminished.
B. If farmers near the Mississippi River continue their dependence upon fertilizers, foraminifera population will eventually decline.
C. If farmers near the Mississippi River stopped using fertilizers altogether, there would no longer be dead zones.
P21
1
There have long been dead zones — water too low in oxygen to sustain most forms of life — in the Gulf of Mexico, which receives the waters of the Mississippi River.
一直以來(lái)就存在死亡區(qū)域 —— 水中含氧量過(guò)低多數(shù)生命形式都難以存活 —— 在密西西比河傾注到墨西哥灣的水體中。
2
Scientists studied sediment cores from areas where the gulf’s most recent dead zone occurred.
科學(xué)家們研究了來(lái)自于墨西哥灣最近出現(xiàn)死區(qū)水域的沉淀核心。
3
The scientists dated the sediment and counted species of foraminifera (marine protozoans) in the sediment; these species thrive in low-oxygen waters.
科學(xué)家們鑒定了沉淀的年代，并計(jì)算出沉淀中的有孔蟲(chóng)(海洋原生動(dòng)物)物種數(shù)量;這些物種能在缺氧水體中茁壯成長(zhǎng)。
4
As far back as 1823, the foraminifera thrived especially during Mississippi River flood years (during which nutrients levels increase), suggesting that nutrients in floodwaters can trigger low-oxygen water.
從 1823 年(的記錄)開(kāi)始，特別是密西西比河泛濫的年份(河水?dāng)y帶的養(yǎng)分更多)有孔蟲(chóng)都會(huì)暴增，意味著洪水?dāng)y帶的養(yǎng)分可導(dǎo)致水中氧含量變低。
5
The foraminifera in the core samples were most abundant after 1950, when farmers began using some fertilizer, which is rich in nutrients.
沉淀核心樣品種的有孔蟲(chóng)自 1950 年后普遍充足，正值農(nóng)民們開(kāi)始使用某些富含養(yǎng)分的肥料。
6
Researchers believe that increased use of fertilizer leads to more-extreme dead zones.
研究者們認(rèn)為，更多地使用肥料導(dǎo)致死區(qū)問(wèn)題加劇。
1. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as a whole?
A. It reconciles two opposing theories that were discussed earlier in the passage.
B. It suggests what the initial impetus was for the studies mentioned earlier in the passage.
C. It undermines a hypothesis that was presented in the preceding sentence.
D. It describes a problem with the methodology of the studies discussed in the passage.
E. It provides evidence supporting the belief mentioned in the final sentence of the passage.
選 E
作為證據(jù)為最后一句話提供支持。送分題。
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the “researchers” would agree with which of the following statements about the use of fertilizer?
A. If farmers near the Mississippi River decreased the amount of fertilizer that they used, the severity of the dead zones could be diminished.
B. If farmers near the Mississippi River continue their dependence upon fertilizers, foraminifera population will eventually decline.
C. If farmers near the Mississippi River stopped using fertilizers altogether, there would no longer be dead zones.
選 A
A
正確。根據(jù)最后一句：… increased use of fertilizer leads to more-extreme dead zones. A 是這句話的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
B
干擾項(xiàng)。從實(shí)際情況推測(cè)，B 可能是正確的，當(dāng) foraminifera 的繁殖超過(guò)河水?dāng)y帶的最大養(yǎng)分供給，耗盡了生存資源，數(shù)量肯定會(huì) decline 。但這層邏輯無(wú)法從文中給出的內(nèi)容推出，不滿足題設(shè)要求 inferred from the passage，不選。
C
未知信息。不但文中沒(méi)有討論，而且很可能是錯(cuò)的。文段開(kāi)頭就告訴我們：There have long been dead zones … ;最后一句也說(shuō)農(nóng)民使用肥料是 加劇了 more-extreme 這種現(xiàn)象。有理由懷疑即使沒(méi)有人類(lèi)活動(dòng)，墨西哥灣里一樣會(huì)有 dead zone 。