Until的詳細用法總結(jié)
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Until的用法
比較until和till
此兩個連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际?quot;做某事直至某時"，動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達的意思是"直至某時才做某事"。動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。 正確使用這兩個連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。
肯定句：
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。
(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句：
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
她直到6點才到。
until 用法上的三個難點
一、
1. until用在肯定句,謂語動詞通常是延續(xù)性動詞,如stand, stay, talk, wait等,表示主句動作終止的時間。如:
③I waited until he came back.我一直等到他回來。
④The war lasted until 1945.戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)到1945年。
如果用在否定句,謂語動詞通常是瞬間性動詞,如open, start, leave, arrive, finish, stop等,強調(diào)主句動作開始的時間。如:
⑤I didn't leave the boy until his mother turned up.直到這孩子的母親來,我才離開。
⑥The noise of the street didn't stop until it was midnight.街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。
2.連詞until引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)
1)until后面的從句中不能用一般將來時，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時代替。所謂的“主將從現(xiàn)”。
He will stay here until his mother comes back.
They will study at the school until their parents come to take them home.
2)主句的謂語動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時時， until從句中的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在完成時，用來強調(diào)從句謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之前。試比較：
I won’t go to bed until I have finished my homework. 我要完成作業(yè)才睡覺。
3) 主句中的謂語動詞為一般過去時時，從句中的謂語動詞為過去完成時，用來強調(diào)從句謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之前。試比較：
Li Lei didn’t come until the film had begun. 直到電影開演，李雷才來。
二、until與before的區(qū)別
1.可直接換用的情況:在until能使用的句型中,即主句含有否定式終止性謂語動詞或肯定式延續(xù)性動詞,可與before直接替換,意義差別不大。如:
①The students won't go home until / before they finish their homework.學(xué)生們要先完成作業(yè)才能回家。
②The woman worked in the factory until/before 1990. 1990年以前這婦女在這家工廠上班。
2.不可換用的情況:當(dāng)主句含有肯定式終止性謂語動詞時,只能用before不能用until,且before常意為"沒來得及……"或"……才……"等。如:
③Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.愛因斯坦差不多將我撞倒才看見了我。
④He had measured me before I could get in a word.我還沒來得及插話,他就把我的尺寸量好了。
三、not until的倒裝與強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
1.當(dāng)Not until位于句首時,句子要倒裝。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:Not until+從句/表時間的詞+助動詞+(主句)主語+謂語+...。如:
①Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老師進來學(xué)生們才停止講話。
②Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才開運動會。
2. not until的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is / was not until+從句/表時間的詞+that+主句。上面兩句為強調(diào)句為:
③It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.
④It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.
BBC英語：一分鐘By 和 Until用法區(qū)別
Hi guys! This is Kee from BBC Learning English, and today I'm going to tell you the differences between until and by.
大家好!我是BBC英語學(xué)習(xí)頻道的基，今天我們來學(xué)學(xué)until和by之間的區(qū)別。
We use until to talk about doing something up to a certain point in time.
until用于表示做某事直到特定時間。
If I say:
如果我說：
I have to take care of my dog until 5pm,
我5點前都得照看我的狗。
it means I will start taking care of my dog now and stop taking care of it at 5pm.
也就是說我從現(xiàn)在開始直到下午5點都要照看我的狗。
On the other hand, we use by to talk about doing something before a future time or deadline.
另一方面，by用于表示在未來某個時間或截止時間之前要完成某事。
If I say:
如果我說：
I have to finish an essay by 5pm,
我必須在下午點前寫完文章。
it means I can start any time but I will make sure that at 5pm I have finished writing the essay. So, I may even finish it at 3pm or any time before 5.
這句話意思是不管我從什么時候開始，但是下午5點前必須寫完文章。也就是說我可以在下午3點寫完或5點前任意時間寫完。
So we use until to describe doing something up to a certain point in time and we use by to describe doing something before a future time or deadline.
所以，until用于表示做某事直到特定時間，by用于表示在未來某個時間或截止時間之前要完成某事。
英語語法：引語狀語從句中till和until的用法
狀語從句
在主從復(fù)合句中，用作狀語的從句稱為狀語從句。常用狀語從句有以下七種類型：
1.時間狀語從句
表示時間的狀語從句連接詞通常用：
(6)till/until 直到… 表示某動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到某一時間終止。
從句謂語動詞多用一般時態(tài)，有時也可以用完成時態(tài)。例如：
They’ll stay at school until they are sixteen.
他們將在學(xué)校一直待到16歲。
The model plane kept flying till it hit into a stone wall.
模型飛機一直飛行直到撞在石頭墻上。
They had to wait till Monday to ring the bank manager.
他們必須等到周一才能給銀行經(jīng)理打電話。
They didn’t stop running until they got to the end of the street.
他們一直奔到馬路盡頭才停下。
He won’t hand the exercise book in until got the end of the street.
直到訂正了所有的錯誤他才會交上練習(xí)本。
The traffic laws don't take effect until the end of the year.
交通法要到年底才生效。
He put his retirement on hold until he had found a solution.
他推遲了退休，直到他找到了解決辦法。
歡迎轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)~~~發(fā)動大家來做作業(yè)，學(xué)英語~
英語作業(yè)20190311
一、選擇填空:
35.Jimmy wrote down the prices of everything he bought, but found ___ he had not enough money for them.
A.whether B.why
C.that D.how
36.The guide said yes when I asked ___ the price included breakfast and serve charge.
A.how B.that
C.which D.whether
參考答案：
35-36:CD
二、分析句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，并譯成中文。
The aircraft manufacturer Boeing faces further questions over the safety of its 737 Max 8 jet as Ethiopian Airlines joined carriers in China and elsewhere in grounding the plane after a crash on Sunday that killed all 157 people onboard. 【The Guardian】
英語語法：介詞from...to, till/until的用法
介詞用于名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句前，表示與其他成分的關(guān)系。介詞可以與名詞、形容詞和動詞搭配表示不同的意義。
2.表示某一時間的介詞
4)from…to…, till/until
from…to…表示從一點時間到另一點時間的一個階段。比如：
The bank is open from 9a.m. to 6 p.m. every day.
這家銀行每天上午九點到下午六點營業(yè)。
Adams was in New York from 1956 to 1967.
亞當(dāng)從1956年到1967年在紐約。
till/until表示某動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到某一時間終止。比如：
The supermarket is open till midnight.
這家超市一直開到半夜。
The student didn’t leave the park until 4 p.m.
學(xué)生們直到下午四點才離開公園。
The matter will keep till tomorrow.
這件事擱到明天再說。
歡迎轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)~~~發(fā)動大家來做作業(yè)，學(xué)英語~
英語作業(yè)20181108
一、選擇填空。
11. ___ about fifty years, electricallypowered cars will be a common sight in streets.
A. For B. Over
C. In D. After
12. ___ recent years, tea has becomemore popular than coffee.
A. For B. In
C. Until D. Since
參考答案：
11-12：CB
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