2020高一英語重難點知識點總結(jié)歸納分享
2020高一英語重難點知識點總結(jié)歸納分享
學好英語要掌握好的學習方法,其中最重要的就是要善于總結(jié)知識點,天道酬勤,只要足夠努力就會成功!下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼?nbsp;高一英語知識點大全,希望能幫助到大家!
高一英語知識點大全1
一. 直接引語和間接引語
(一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內(nèi),間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時,除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。
1. 時態(tài)的變化:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài),即把原來的時態(tài)向過去推,也就是一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時,現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時,等等。例如:
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化: 根據(jù)意義進行相應(yīng)的變化,例如:
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語改為間接引語時,都使用陳述語序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句,則用疑問詞引導(dǎo)間接引語。轉(zhuǎn)述的動詞一般用asked,可以在其后加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如:
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語如果是祈使句,改為間接引語時,要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
二. 各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)概述
被動語態(tài)的概念:它是動詞的一種形式,表示主語與謂語之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關(guān)系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動語態(tài)的形式是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式如下:
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are + 過去分詞
例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞
例如:These trees were planted the year before last.
3. 一般將來時 will/shall + be + 過去分詞
例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 現(xiàn)在進行時 am/is/are + being + 過去分詞
例如:Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 過去進行時 was/were + being + 過去分詞
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has + been + 過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
7. 過去完成時 had + been + 過去分詞
注意:
1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。例如:Their questions haven’t got answered.
2. 含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變成被動語態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動詞+ be + 過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.
3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語,其被動語態(tài)分別用“be going to + be + 過去分詞”和“be to + be + 過去分詞”。例如:
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4. 被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別:“連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu),與被動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣,所以應(yīng)注意它們的區(qū)別。被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動詞,多強調(diào)動作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞相當于形容詞,多強調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通??捎胋y 引出動作的執(zhí)行者,而后者則不可以。例如:
The map was changed by someone.(被動結(jié)構(gòu))
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞通??杀籿ery修飾,被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如:
He was very excited.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
He was much excited by her words.(被動結(jié)構(gòu))
5. 主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。例如:
These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。
The door won’t shut. 這門關(guān)不上。
The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。
高一英語知識點大全2
1.right away毫不遲疑,立刻
2.It seemed as if the world was at an end.世界似乎到了末日。
從句表示“(在某人)看來好像;似乎”
?、?It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起來好像…
② Sb./Sth.looks as if/though…
?、?There seems/appears(to be)…
There appears to have been a mistake.
2.in ruins.變?yōu)閺U墟
3.Two-thirds
4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5.under the weight of在……重壓下,迫于
6.in the open air在戶外,在野外,露天
7.take turns to do sth依次,輪流做某事
in turn依次地,輪流地
8.be shocked at對……感到震驚
9.be proud of以……為自豪
10.express one’s thanks to sb/for sth…對/因……表示感謝
11.without warning毫無預(yù)兆
12.next to緊接著,相鄰,次于
13.get away from…避免,擺脫,離開
14.disaster-hit areas災(zāi)區(qū)
15.Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody.
聽英語是一項很重要的技能,因為只有當我們懂得別人給我們說什么我們才能與他交談。
16.It is believed that人們認為…
17.hold up舉起;托住;支撐列舉,推舉
18.make up彌補,虛構(gòu),整理,和解,化妝,拼湊
19.be trapped in被困于…
20.It is said that…據(jù)說...
21.be fixed to…被固定到……
22.be tied to…被綁在……
高一英語知識點大全3
【現(xiàn)在進行時】
1. 表示現(xiàn)在 (說話瞬間) 正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。
[例句] He is reading a newspaper now.
2. 表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作 (說話時動作不一定正在進行)。
[例句] What are you doing these days?
3. 表示說話人現(xiàn)在對主語的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等, 常與always, constantly, continually等副詞連用。
[例句] He is always thinking of others.
4. 表示在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive等表“移動”、“方向”的詞。
[例句] He is coming to see me next week.
【過去進行時】
1. 表示過去某時正在進行的動作。
[例句] He was sleeping when Mary came to see him.
2. 動詞go, come, leave, arrive, start等的過去進行時常表過去將來時。
[例句] She said she was going to Beijing the day after tomorrow.
【一般現(xiàn)在時】
1. 表示現(xiàn)在習慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常與usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等時間狀語連用。
[例句] He often does his homework in his study.
2. 表示主語現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。
[例句] The dictionary belongs to me.
3. 表示客觀規(guī)律或科學真理、格言, 以及其他不受時間限制的客觀存在。
[例句] The moon goes around the sun.
4. 在有連詞if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引導(dǎo)的時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。
[例句] If you work hard, you won’t fail in the exam.
【一般過去時】
1. 表示過去某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
[例句] She went to the zoo yesterday.
2. 在時間、條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時。
[例句] He said when she came he would tell her.
【一般將來時】
1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
[例句] I don’t know what will happen in the future.
2. 常用來表示將來時的結(jié)構(gòu)包括:
(1) shall / will + 動詞原形:(單純) 表將來, 一般不用于條件句。
(2) be going to + 動詞原形:(計劃)打算做……。
(3) be about to + 動詞原形:即將或正要去做某事,通常不與時間狀語連用,但可與when引導(dǎo)的從句連用。
(4) be to + 動詞原形:預(yù)定要做……。
(5) be doing 表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作,常與go, start, set out, leave, reach, arrive, return, come, move等表位移的動詞連用。
【現(xiàn)在完成時】
1. 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
[例句] —Have you had your supper yet? —Yes, I have just had it.
2. 常與介詞for, during, in, within, over等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用, 表示過去的某一行為一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。
[例句] I haven’t seen my English teacher for a long time.
3. 表示反復(fù)或習慣性的動作, 常與several times, once, twice, frequently等頻度副詞連用。
[例句] I have been to the USA several times.
4. 表示從過去到現(xiàn)在沒有發(fā)生過的動作。
[例句] I haven’t swept the floor for a week.
5. 用在時間、條件狀語從句中, 表示從句動作先于主句動作完成。
[例句] I’ll tell him after you have left.
6. 在“級+ 名詞”或在“這是第幾次…”之后跟定語從句,從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。
[例句] ①This is the third time I have been there.
②This is the best tea I have ever drunk.
【過去完成時】
1. 表示在過去某一時刻以前已經(jīng)開始并一直延續(xù)到這一時刻、或是在此刻前已經(jīng)完成的動作。
[例句] By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words.
2. 有些動詞 (如: hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等) 的過去完成時可表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。
[例句] I had hoped to see more of Beijing.